(3) Both the brain and channels are in order, and the goal is to enhance coordinated development between the brain and apparatus.

(2) The brain is in disorder, such as in Parkinson's disease, and the work is to utilize existing or open up new channels to intervene, repair and modulate the brain by medications or stimulation. The task is to reconstruct or open up new channels to reactivate the brain function. We take Bacomics to cover at least three situations: (1) The brain is normal, but the conversation channel is disabled, as in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Are there any common bases that bind these different scenarios? Here, we propose a new comprehensive cross area: Bacomics, which comes from brain-apparatus conversations (BAC) ? omics. The apparatus may also be a biological organ or system, such as the gut and muscle, and their efficient conversations with the brain are vital for a healthy life. Here, the apparatus may be a nonbiological instrument, such as a computer, and the consequent brain-computer interface is now a very popular research area with various applications.

The brain is the most important organ of the human body, and the conversations between the brain and an apparatus can not only reveal a normally functioning or a dysfunctional brain but also can modulate the brain. , 2018b, motion-onset visual evoked potential (mVEP) (Guo et al. 2017), steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) (Jiao et al. The most popular control signals used for BCI include sensorimotor rhythms Jin et al. Typical applications have included aiding paralyzed humans to communicate and interact with the outside world by invasive or noninvasive BCI technology (He et al. The applications that create new output channels allow brain output independent of the biological pathways of peripheral nerves and muscles, which can be realized by directly reading out the neural signals, i.e., EEG, ECoG, LFP, neural spikes, or metabolic signals, i.e., fMRI, fNIRS, or EMG, EOG, to express the movement or other communication intent of the subject.

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